Culex annulirostris (also commonly known as the 'Australian banded freshwater mosquito') is a widespread mosquito on mainland Australia that is of significant pest and public health concern. This species is a nuisance biter and can transmit pathogens including Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, West Nile (Kunjin) virus, and is thought to be playing an important role in the 2022 outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus. The mosquito is closely associated with freshwater wetlands and flooded environments.